📈 The S&P 500's CAGR is 10.3% over 100 years — but individual decades range from -1% to 19%. CAGR cuts through volatility to show true growth. Compare investments fairly and see how your portfolio really performs. Why long-term thinking wins →

CAGR Calculator

Calculate Compound Annual Growth Rate and compare investment performance

Investment Details

$
$
Years Start / End Dates
Yrs
CAGR
0.00%
Total Return
0.00%
Equiv. Simple Return/yr
0.00%

Year-by-Year Projected Values

Year Projected Value Growth

Breakdown

Beginning Value
$10,000
Ending Value
$25,000
Net Gain / Loss
$15,000
Duration
7.00 yrs
CAGR
0.00%

Compare Investments (up to 5)

What Is CAGR?

Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) represents the rate at which an investment would have grown if it had grown at a steady rate every year. It smooths out the volatility of year-to-year returns to give you a single, comparable annual rate.

CAGR = (Ending Value / Beginning Value)1/n − 1

Where n is the number of years. Unlike a simple average of annual returns, CAGR accounts for the compounding effect — the fact that returns in later years are earned on a larger base.

CAGR vs Average Annual Return

Many investors confuse CAGR with the arithmetic average of yearly returns. These two metrics can paint very different pictures:

Example: You invest $10,000. In Year 1 it grows 60% to $16,000. In Year 2 it drops 40% to $9,600.

Average annual return: (60% + (−40%)) / 2 = 10% — sounds great!

CAGR: ($9,600 / $10,000)1/2 − 1 = −2.02% — the reality is you lost money.

The average annual return is misleading because it ignores compounding. CAGR always reflects your actual experience as an investor.

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Enter Beginning Value: The amount you originally invested or the starting value of the asset.
  2. Enter Ending Value: The final or current value of your investment.
  3. Enter Duration: Use the number of years directly, or toggle to date mode to enter start and end dates for precise calculation.
  4. Read Your Results: The calculator shows CAGR, total return percentage, and equivalent simple annual return, plus a year-by-year projection table.
  5. Compare Investments: Switch to the comparison tab to enter up to 5 investments side-by-side and see their growth curves on a single chart.

What Is a Good CAGR?

Context matters. Here are some benchmarks:

  • S&P 500 (historical): ~10% nominal, ~7% inflation-adjusted
  • US Real Estate (historical): ~3-4% above inflation
  • High-yield Savings: ~4-5% (varies with interest rates)
  • Individual Stocks: Top performers can achieve 15-25%+, but with higher risk

A CAGR above 10% is generally considered strong for long-term equity investments. For lower-risk assets like bonds, 4-6% may be excellent. Always compare within the same asset class and risk level.

Limitations of CAGR

While CAGR is powerful, it has limitations to be aware of:

  • It assumes a smooth growth rate and hides volatility — two investments with the same CAGR can have very different risk profiles.
  • It doesn't account for cash flows like additional contributions or withdrawals during the period.
  • It only uses two data points (beginning and ending values), ignoring everything that happened in between.
  • For investments with ongoing contributions, IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is a more appropriate metric.